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1: Nat Immunol. 2002 Dec;3(12):1156-62. Epub 2002 Nov 11.
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Indirect activation of naïve CD4+ T cells by dendritic cell-derived exosomes.

Théry C, Duban L, Segura E, Véron P, Lantz O, Amigorena S.

INSERM U520, Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.

Dendritic cells (DCs) secrete vesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes, that bear major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T cell costimulatory molecules. Here, we found that injection of antigen- or peptide-bearing exosomes induced antigen-specific naïve CD4+ T cell activation in vivo. In vitro, exosomes did not induce antigen-dependent T cell stimulation unless mature CD8alpha- DCs were also present in the cultures. These mature DCs could be MHC class II-negative, but had to bear CD80 and CD86. Therefore, in addition to carrying antigen, exosomes promote the exchange of functional peptide-MHC complexes between DCs. Such a mechanism may increase the number of DCs bearing a particular peptide, thus amplifying the initiation of primary adaptive immune responses.

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PMID: 12426563 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]